q = GND; -- óñòàíàâëèâàåì âûõîä q â 0
IF d THEN --åñëè íà âõîäå d âûñîêèé óðîâåíü,
ss = s1; --òî ñëåäóþùåå ñîñòîÿíèå áóäåò s1,
END IF; -- èíà÷å ss îñòàíåòñÿ ïðåæíåì
WHEN s1=> --â ñîñòîÿíèè s1
q = VCC; --óñòàíàâëèâàåì âûõîä q â 1
IF !d THEN --åñëè íà âõîäå d íèçêèé óðîâåíü,
ss = s0; --ñëåäóþùåå ñîñòîÿíèå áóäåò s0, èíà÷å ss îñòàíåòñÿ END IF; --ïðåæíèì;
END CASE;
END;
Èòàê, äëÿ ðàáîòû íóæíî ñíà÷àëà âûñòàâèòü íóæíûå ðåæèìû è ôëàãè ÷åðåç ðåãèñòð IR(ðåãèñòð êîìàíä) îáðàùåíèå ê íåìó âåäåòñÿ ÷åðåç ëèíèþ RS âûñòàâëåíèåì íà íå¸ ëîãè÷åñêîãî íóëÿ.  ñîñòîÿíèè Z0 îáíóëÿþòñÿ âñå ïåðåìåííûå. Ñ ñîñòîÿíèÿ P1 ïî ñîñòîÿíèå P4 âûäåðæèâàåòñÿ ÷åòûðå ïàóçû 21 ìñ, 4.1 ìñ, 0.1 ìñ è 0.1ìñ ïî ïðè÷èíå óêàçàííîé â ïóíêòå 2.4.4 äî ïîëíîé ãîòîâíîñòè èíäèêàòîðà è çàãðóæàåòñÿ óïðàâëÿþùåå ñëîâî Í ”38”, ÷òî îçíà÷àåò: 8 ðàçðÿäíàÿ øèíà äàííûõ, ðåæèì ðàçâåðòêè îäíîé ñòðîêè è ñèìâîëû ñ ìàòðèöåé 5õ8. Äàëåå â ñîñòîÿíèè b4, c4 çàãðóæàåòñÿ óïðàâëÿþùåå ñëîâî Í”3C” ÷òî îçíà÷àåò òî÷íî òîæå ñàìîå, íî ìàòðèöà 5õ10 òî÷åê, ÷òîáû ïî êðóïíåå ïîêàçûâàë. Ñ ñîñòîÿíèÿ r5 âûáèðàåòñÿ ðåæèì îòîáðàæåíèÿ óïðàâëÿþùèì ñëîâîì Í”0C” ÷òî îçíà÷àåò: âêëþ÷åíèå èçîáðàæåíèÿ, êóðñîð â âèäå ïî÷åðêà . Ñ ñîñòîÿíèÿ r6 âûáèðàåòñÿ íàïðàâëåíèå ñäâèãà êóðñîðà âïðàâî áåç ñäâèãà èçîáðàæåíèÿ óïðàâëÿþùèì ñëîâîì Í”06”.  ñîñòîÿíèè r7 ñáðàñûâàþòñÿ ñäâèãè, è íà÷àëî ñòðîêè àäðåñóåòñÿ â íà÷àëî âèäåî ïàìÿòè DDRAM.  ñîñòîÿíèè r8 èäåò î÷èñòêà ýêðàíà, è ñ÷åò÷èê àäðåñà AC àäðåñóåòñÿ íà âèäåî ïàìÿòü DDRAM.
Íà ýòîì ýòàïå âñå ôëàãè íåîáõîäèìûå äëÿ ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ èçîáðàæåíèÿ çàãðóæåíû. Ñàìî ôîðìèðîâàíèå èçîáðàæåíèÿ íà÷èíàåòñÿ ñ ñîñòîÿíèÿ dz0.  ñîñòîÿíèÿõ ..z0 çíà÷åíèÿ ñ ñ÷åò÷èêà ïîñòóïàþò è ïåðåêîäèðóþòñÿ ñîãëàñíî òàáë3.2.10 äàëüøå çàïèñûâàþòñÿ â ðåãèñòð äàííûõ.  ñîñòîÿíèè ..z1 èäåò ñ÷èòûâàíèå èç ðåãèñòðà äàííûõ â ðåãèñòð çíàêîãåíåðàòîðà CGRAM è âûâîäèòñÿ íà ýêðàí. È âñå ýòî íà÷èíàÿ ñ ds öèêëè÷åñêè, ïîâòîðÿåòñÿ ÷åðåç çàäàííûé èíòåðâàë âðåìåíè. Ñìîòðè ðèñóíîê 3.2.3.1
 äàííîì îïèñàíèè ïðîãðàììû ÿ îïóñêàë ñîñòîÿíèÿ, â êîòîðûõ âûäåðæèâàëèñü íåîáõîäèìûå ïàóçû äëÿ îáùåíèÿ ÏËÈÑ è ìèêðîêîíòðîëëåðà èíäèêàòîðà. Òàêæå íóæíî çàìåòèòü, ÷òî äàííûå â ýòîò ìîäóëü ïðîãðàììû ïîñòóïàþò â ïàðàëëåëüíîì âèäå, íàçâàíèå ýòîé øèíû Line[].
Ðèñ 3.2.3.1 Áëîê-ñõåìà óñòðîéñòâà óïðàâëåíèÿ èíäèêàòîðîì
3.2.4 Äåëèòåëü òàêòîâîé ÷àñòîòû äëÿ ðàáîòû èíäèêàòîðà(divFreq)
Îáûêíîâåííûé äâîè÷íûé ñ÷åò÷èê âûñòóïàåò â ðîëè äåëèòåëÿ òàêòîâîé ÷àñòîòû äëÿ ðàáîòû èíäèêàòîðà ò.ê. èíäèêàòîðó íóæíà ÷àñòîòà ìåíüøå ÷åì, âûäàåò êâàðöåâûé ãåíåðàòîð. Êîýôôèöèåíò äåëåíèÿ îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ðàñ÷åòíûì è îïûòíûì ïóòåì (ïîäáîðîì).
Ñòðóêòóðó ïðîåêòà ìîæíî óâèäåòü, èñïîëüçóÿ ñïåöèàëüíîå ïðèëîæåíèå Max+plus/ Hierarhy Display. Îòêðîåòñÿ îêíî, â êîòîðîì ïðîåêò ïðåäñòàâëåí â âèäå äåðåâà, óêàçàíû èìÿ êàæäîãî ôàéëà è èñõîäíûé òèï, à òàêæå èêîíêà. Äâîéíîé ùåë÷îê ïî èêîíêå îòêðûâàåò èñõîäíûé ôàéë íèæíåãî óðîâíÿ ñ ïîìîùüþ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåãî ðåäàêòîðà. Ñëåâà îò êàæäîé âåòâè óêàçàíû ôàéëû ñ òàêèìè æå èìåíàìè, íî äðóãèìè ðàñøèðåíèÿìè, êîòîðûå ñîçäàíû â ïðîöåññå îáðàáîòêè èñõîäíîãî ôàéëà.
Ðèñ 3.2.5.1 Äåðåâî ïðîåêòà êîíôèãóðàöèè
Òåêñòû êàæäîãî ìîäóëÿ ìîæíî óâèäåòü â Ïðèëîæåíèè 3.
Çàêëþ÷åíèå
Ïîäâîäÿ èòîã âûøå ïðîâåäåííîé ðàáîòû, õî÷ó çàìåòèòü, ÷òî ïîëó÷èâøååñÿ óñòðîéñòâî îêàçàëîñü âïîëíå óäà÷íûì. Ðàáîòà óñòðîéñòâà áûëà ïðîâåðåíà ñ ïîìîùüþ ãåíåðàòîðà ïðÿìîóãîëüíûõ èìïóëüñîâ. Ïëàòà óñòðîéñòâà ïîêàçàíà íà ðèñóíêå 4.1.
Äàííîå óñòðîéñòâî ìîæíî ïîäêëþ÷àòü íå òîëüêî ê ÑÑ ñ ÔÝÓ, íî è ê äðóãèì äåòåêòîðàì ðàäèîàêòèâíûõ èçëó÷åíèé, íàïðèìåð ñ÷åò÷èê Ãåéãåðà. Äëÿ ýòîãî íåîáõîäèìî ïåðåñ÷èòàòü äåëèòåëü, êîòîðûé óñòàíîâëåí äî êîìïàðàòîðà.
Íà ýòàïå ðàçðàáîòêè â ñõåìó ñ÷åòíîãî óñòðîéñòâà áûëà äîáàâëåíà ÀÖÏ Analog Device, AD7715ñ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíûì èíòåðôåéñîì SPI. ÀÖÏ ïëàíèðóåòñÿ èñïîëüçîâàòü äëÿ èçìåðåíèÿ íàïðÿæåíèÿ ïîäàâàåìîãî íà äåòåêòîð.
Ëèòåðàòóðà
1. Êîðñóíñêèé Ì.È.,«Àòîìíîå ÿäðî» - Ì.: Ãîñòåõèçäàò, 1957.
2. Áðîäèí Â.Á., Êàëèíèí À.Â., «Ñèñòåìû íà ìèêðîêîíòðîëåðàõ è ÁÈÑ ïðîãðàììèðóåìîé ëîãèêè» - Ì.: Ýêîíîì, 2002.
3. Âèöûí Í. «Ñîâðåìåííûå òåíäåíöèè ðàçâèòèÿ ñèñòåì àâòîìàòèçèðîâàííîãî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ â îáëàñòè ýëåêòðîíèêè» // Chip News, ¹ 1, 1997. Ñ. 12–15.
4. Ãóáàíîâ Ä. À., Ñòåøåíêî Â. Á., Õðàïîâ Â. Þ., Øèïóëèí Ñ. Í. «Ïåðñïåêòèâû ðåàëèçàöèè àëãîðèòìîâ öèôðîâîé ôèëüòðàöèè íà îñíîâå ÏËÈÑ ôèðìû ALTERA» // Chip News, ¹ 9–10, 1997, ñ. 26–33.
5. Òåõ. Äîê. «One Technology Way, P.O. Box9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.», #"_Toc137749732">Ïðèëîæåíèå 1 (Ïðèíöèïèàëüíàÿ ñõåìà óñòðîéñòâà)
--Àíòèäðåáåçãîâàÿ ñèñòåìà
INCLUDE "LPM_COUNTER";
CONSTANT DELAY = 6;
SUBDESIGN ANTIBOUNCE
(
IN : INPUT;
CLK : INPUT;
OUT : OUTPUT;
)
VARIABLE
CT : LPM_COUNTER WITH(LPM_WIDTH=DELAY);
TRIG : DFF;
BEGIN
TRIG.D = !IN;
CT.ACLR = !(!IN $ TRIG.Q);
CT.CLOCK = CLK;
TRIG.CLK=CT.Q[DELAY-1];
OUT = !TRIG.Q;
--Äåñÿòè÷íîäâîè÷íûé ñ÷åò÷èê
CONSTANT DIGITS = 6;
SUBDESIGN COUNTER10
-- âõîäíûå äàííûå
CLOCK : INPUT;
ACLR : INPUT;
COUNT_ENA : INPUT;
-- âûõîä
Q[DIGITS-1..0][3..0] : OUTPUT;
RESET[DIGITS-1..0] : NODE;
COUNTER[DIGITS-1..0] : LPM_COUNTER WITH (LPM_WIDTH=4);
IF COUNTER[0].Q[3..0]==B"1010" THEN RESET[0]=vcc; ELSE RESET[0]=gnd; END IF;
IF COUNTER[1].Q[3..0]==B"1010" THEN RESET[1]=vcc; ELSE RESET[1]=gnd; END IF;
IF COUNTER[2].Q[3..0]==B"1010" THEN RESET[2]=vcc; ELSE RESET[2]=gnd; END IF;
IF COUNTER[3].Q[3..0]==B"1010" THEN RESET[3]=vcc; ELSE RESET[3]=gnd; END IF;
IF COUNTER[4].Q[3..0]==B"1010" THEN RESET[4]=vcc; ELSE RESET[4]=gnd; END IF;
IF COUNTER[5].Q[3..0]==B"1010" THEN RESET[5]=vcc; ELSE RESET[5]=gnd; END IF;
COUNTER[0].clock=clock;
COUNTER[DIGITS-1..1].clock=RESET[DIGITS-2..0];
Q[DIGITS-1..0][3..0]=COUNTER[DIGITS-1..0].Q[3..0];
COUNTER[DIGITS-1..0].aclr=RESET[DIGITS-1..0]#aclr;
COUNTER[0].cnt_en=COUNT_ENA;
--Óñòðîéñòâî óïðàâëåíèÿ èíäèêàòîðîì
CONSTANT DATA_WITH = 8;
SUBDESIGN WH1602
IN[5..0][DATA_WITH-1..0] : INPUT;
D[DATA_WITH-1..0] : BIDIR;
E : OUTPUT;
RW : OUTPUT;
RS : OUTPUT;
clk_a : NODE;
Ddff[DATA_WITH-1..0] : dff;
Din[DATA_WITH-1..0] : dff;
Dmsh[DATA_WITH-1..0] : NODE;
_RW : NODE;
_RS : NODE;
Eena : NODE;
Pause : LPM_COUNTER WITH (LPM_WIDTH=9);
STR : LPM_COUNTER WITH (LPM_WIDTH=4);
LINE[DATA_WITH-1..0] : NODE;
ST : MACHINE
WITH STATES ( z0, p1, r1, p2, r2, p3, r3, p4,
r4, b4, c4, r5, b5, c5, r6, b6, c6, r7, b7, c7, r8, b8, c8,
ds, bs, cs, dz0, bz0, cz0, dz1, bz1, cz1 );
Dtri[DATA_WITH-1..0] : TRI;
OE : NODE;
INC[3..0] : NODE;
INBUF[5..0][DATA_WITH-1..0] : DFF;
READ : DFF;
clk_a = dff(!clk_a, clk, vcc, vcc);
Pause.clock = clk_a;
-- outputs
Ddff[DATA_WITH-1..0].d = Dmsh[DATA_WITH-1..0];
Ddff[DATA_WITH-1..0].clk = !clk_a;
Dtri[DATA_WITH-1..0].in = Ddff[DATA_WITH-1..0].q;
D[DATA_WITH-1..0] = Dtri[DATA_WITH-1..0].out;
Din[DATA_WITH-1..0].d = D[DATA_WITH-1..0];
Din[DATA_WITH-1..0].clk = !dff (clk_a & Eena , clk, vcc, vcc);
Dtri[DATA_WITH-1..0].oe = dff (OE, !clk_a, vcc, vcc);
RW = dff (_RW, !clk_a, vcc, vcc);
RS = dff (_RS, !clk_a, vcc, vcc);
E = dff (clk_a & Eena , clk, vcc, vcc);
-- machine
ST.clk = clk_a;
CASE ST IS
WHEN z0 =>
Dmsh[DATA_WITH-1..0] = H"FF"; OE = vcc;
Eena = gnd; _RW = gnd; _RS = gnd; Pause.aclr = vcc;
ST = p1;
-- çàãðóçêà èíäèêàòîðà ïîñëå âêëþ÷åíèÿ ïèòàíèÿ
-- ïàóçà ïåðåä âêëþ÷åíèåì 21ìñ
WHEN p1 =>
Dmsh[DATA_WITH-1..0] = H"38"; OE = vcc;
Eena = gnd; _RW = gnd; _RS = gnd; Pause.aclr = gnd;
IF Pause.q[]==200 THEN ST = r1; ELSE ST = p1; END IF;
-- INITIAL SETTING ONCE 00111000
WHEN r1 =>
Eena = vcc; _RW = gnd; _RS = gnd; Pause.aclr = vcc;
ST = p2;
-- ïàóçà 7 ìñ > 4.1 ìñ
WHEN p2 =>
IF Pause.q[]==100 THEN ST = r2; ELSE ST = p2; END IF;
-- INITIAL SETTING TWICE 00111000
WHEN r2 =>
ST = p3;
-- ïàóçà 0.7 ìñ > 0.1 ìñ
WHEN p3 =>
IF Pause.q[]==10 THEN ST = r3; ELSE ST = p3; END IF;
-- INITIAL SETTING THIRD 00111000
WHEN r3 =>
ST = p4;
WHEN p4 =>
IF Pause.q[]==10 THEN ST = r4; ELSE ST = p4; END IF;
-- Function Set 0011NF**
WHEN r4 =>
Dmsh[DATA_WITH-1..0] = H"3C"; OE = vcc;
ST = b4;
WHEN b4 =>
Dmsh[DATA_WITH-1..0] = H"00"; OE = gnd;
Eena = vcc; _RW = vcc; _RS = gnd; Pause.aclr = vcc;
ST = c4;
WHEN c4 =>
Eena = gnd; _RW = vcc; _RS = gnd; Pause.aclr = gnd;
IF Din[DATA_WITH-1].q==0 THEN ST = r5; ELSE ST = b4; END IF;
-- Display ON/OFF = 00001DCB, Display ON,Cursor&Blink OFF
WHEN r5 =>
Dmsh[DATA_WITH-1..0] = H"0C"; OE = vcc;
ST = b5;
WHEN b5 =>
ST = c5;
WHEN c5 =>
IF Din[DATA_WITH-1].q==0 THEN ST = r6; ELSE ST = b5; END IF;
-- Entry Mode Set = 000001IS, Increment & Shift OFF
WHEN r6 =>
Dmsh[DATA_WITH-1..0] = H"06"; OE = vcc;
ST = b6;
WHEN b6 =>
ST = c6;
WHEN c6 =>
IF Din[DATA_WITH-1].q==0 THEN ST = r7; ELSE ST = b6; END IF;
-- Return Home
WHEN r7 =>
Dmsh[DATA_WITH-1..0] = H"02"; OE = vcc;
ST = b7;
WHEN b7 =>
ST = c7;
WHEN c7 =>
IF Din[DATA_WITH-1].q==0 THEN ST = r8; ELSE ST = b7; END IF;
-- Clear Display
WHEN r8 =>
Dmsh[DATA_WITH-1..0] = H"01"; OE = vcc;
ST = b8;
WHEN b8 =>
ST = c8;
WHEN c8 =>
IF Din[DATA_WITH-1].q==0 THEN ST = ds; ELSE ST = b8; END IF;
--ôîðìèðîâàíèå èçîáðàæåíèÿ
WHEN ds =>
Dmsh[DATA_WITH-1..0] = LINE[]; OE = vcc;
Eena = vcc; RW = gnd; _RS = vcc; Pause.aclr = vcc;
ST = bs;
WHEN bs =>
ST = cs;
WHEN cs =>
IF STR.q==H"F" THEN ST=dz0;
ELSIF Din[DATA_WITH-1].q==0 THEN ST = ds; ELSE ST = bs; END IF;
--ïåðåìåùåíèå â íà÷àëî
WHEN dz0 =>
Dmsh[DATA_WITH-1..0] = H"40"; OE = vcc;
ST = bz0;
WHEN bz0 =>
ST = cz0;
WHEN cz0 =>
IF Din[DATA_WITH-1].q==0 THEN ST = dz1; ELSE ST = bz0; END IF;
WHEN dz1 =>
Dmsh[DATA_WITH-1..0] = H"80"; OE = vcc;
ST = bz1;
WHEN bz1 =>
ST = cz1;
WHEN cz1 =>
IF Din[DATA_WITH-1].q==0 THEN ST = ds; ELSE ST = bz1; END IF;
INBUF[5..0][DATA_WITH-1..0].clk=READ.q;
INBUF[5..0][DATA_WITH-1..0].d=IN[5..0][DATA_WITH-1..0];
IF ST==dz1 THEN READ.d=vcc; ELSE READ.d=gnd; END IF;
READ.clk=clk;
IF ST==ds THEN STR.clock=vcc; ELSE STR.clock=gnd; END IF;
STR.aclr=READ.q;
CASE STR.q[] IS
WHEN H"1" => LINE[]=INBUF[5][DATA_WITH-1..0];
WHEN H"2" => LINE[]=INBUF[4][DATA_WITH-1..0];
WHEN H"3" => LINE[]=INBUF[3][DATA_WITH-1..0];
WHEN H"4" => LINE[]=INBUF[2][DATA_WITH-1..0];
WHEN H"5" => LINE[]=INBUF[1][DATA_WITH-1..0];
WHEN H"6" => LINE[]=INBUF[0][DATA_WITH-1..0];
WHEN H"7" => LINE[]=H"20";
WHEN H"8" => LINE[]=H"43";
WHEN H"9" => LINE[]=H"44";
WHEN H"A" => LINE[]=H"45";
WHEN H"B" => LINE[]=H"46";
WHEN H"C" => LINE[]=H"47";
WHEN H"D" => LINE[]=H"48";
WHEN H"E" => LINE[]=H"49";
WHEN H"F" => LINE[]=H"4A";
* ïðîìèëü (ìèëëèîííàÿ ÷àñòü, 10-6). Ñòàáèëüíîñòü ÷àñòîòû Äîïóñòèìîå îòêëîíåíèå ÷àñòîòû îò íîìèíàëüíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ. Èçìåðÿåòñÿ â ïðîöåíòàõ èëè â "ppm"
Ñòðàíèöû: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
